
Resume of
Gabrielle
Wiorkowski
Education History
M.S. in Management Information Systems, GPA 3.9/4.0, School of
Management and Administrative Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas,
graduated 1979.
B.A. Graduated Summa Cum Laude (5th out of 269) in Computer
Science and Psychology, St. Mary's University, graduated 1971.
Job History
February 1986 ‑ Current time
Senior DB2 Consultant at Gabrielle & Associates and
affiliated with Codd & Date, Inc.
Experience includes:
Consultations
Ë Monitor and tune the DB2 subsystem at the University of Texas
at Dallas. Increased the size and number of buffer pools, sort pool, and RID
pool. Adjusted several parameters to change the checkpoint frequency from about
ever 3-4 minutes to about every 20 minutes. Increased the size, number, and
distribution of work tablespaces in DSNDB07. Reorganized, collected statistics,
and rebound most packages in the FINS (Financial System), SIS (Student
Information System), and HRS (Human Resources System). Established a procedure
and guidelines for future reorganizations, runstats, and rebinds. Reduced a
nightly batch job from 4 hours to 2 hours and 18 minutes. DB2 subsystem tuning
resulted in a savings of 45 minutes, and reorganization, runstats, and rebind
accounted for the remaining reduction. Identified and resolved a problem which
resulted in many programs receiving cursor error messages (-501,-502, -507, and
-508 SQLCODE) about two to six times a second. Developed a procedure for
loading a referential integrity structure that results in few discarded
dependent rows without parent rows. Increased non-DB2 work space for a batch
job that ran for over 32 hours and was cancelled. The job ran in 1.5 hours
which is consistent with its performance prior to errors accidently introduced
in the JCL. Various time periods during July 1998-1999.
Ë Evaluate and plan for migration from home grown access
method with compression to DB2 for the Social Security Administration. June
1999.
Ë Review of CNA capacity plan for Series III insurance
application system purchased from PMSC. February 1997.
Ë Expert witness on whether a software company produced the
contracted software for a company. The issues analyzed and reported on includes
referential integrity, relational database design, use of DB2 technology,
rules-based design, naming and programming standards, documentation, and use of
tools. January and February 1997, January 1996, and May 1995.
Ë Monitor and tune Agent Commission System, the SMART System,
and the DB2 subsystem for US LIFE Systems, Corp. Analyzed PLAN_TABLE, rewrote
poor performing SQL, and recommended additional changes to SQL. Embedded static
SQL that selects only the required columns and rows rather than calling I/O
modules should be used. The recommendation was substantiated with test results.
Columns should be added to an index to allow for index only processing and to
avoid a sort in several cases. Identified cases where columns of a composite
index can be included in the ORDER BY to enable the use of indexes to avoid
sorts. Increased the number and size of work tablespaces as well as the sort
pool such that a sort of a million row table went from 16 to 4 minutes.
Recommended program and job flow revisions and the use of hiperpools to reduce
the costs of a 14 hour batch job. RUNSTATS should be executed less frequently
in production to reduce costs. The PILOT table required 250 cylinders with ESA
compression (recommended) and 830 cylinders with EDITPROC compression. Tuned
the buffer pools to achieve a hit ratio of 83-86 % on three consecutive days.
November and December of 1996.
Ë Design review of CIS (Customer Information System) at
Southern California Gas Company. The billing batch processing program updates 5
percent of the data most evenings (21 days a month). The initial design was to
use a matching index scan to locate and update 220,000 rows in large tables
ranging from 5 to 120 million rows with a total of 110 tables which was
estimated to require approximately 29 hours of elapsed time. It was recommended
that the batch program be designed to use a guided tablespace scan using the
clustering index and the use of prefetch with an estimate of 2 hours. A
partitioning control table is necessary to provide the required sequence and
the rolling of monthly data. Application partitioning by quarter and the use of
mirror tables are alternatives. Load resume should be used where possible
rather than inserting rows. A cursor repositioning technique was recommended.
DB2 joins rather than application joins should be done. Denormalization was
suggested in a few cases to improve performance. It was recommended that static
SQL customized for the required processing be used rather than calling I/O
modules. November 1993.
Ë Revise and enhance the formula and design of WindTunnel
(capacity planning tool) for V2.3 of DB2 during February, April, and June 1993.
Ë Design review of OASIS order entry and processing system
was accomplished at Kimberly-Clark Corporation. Physical database design issues
were addressed including indexing, subpages, clustering, free space, locking, partitioning,
and combining tables in one tablespace. Cursor repositioning and concurrent
online and batch processing were addressed. Initial planning was done for DB2
subsystem tuning of buffer pools, EDM pool, RID pool, DSNZPARMs, and sort space
in DSNDB07 during May and June of 1992.
Tuning of the physical design of OASIS and the DB2 subsystem
was done in January 1993 based upon phase 1 implementation of the system.
Performance tuning was done on a number of transactions and batch programs that
were not performing as required. A particularly challenging large program which
processed 426 tables and indexes during prime time with resulting lock
contention. SQL statements were reformulated for performance and the unit of
work reduced. Initial planning was done for the implementation of packages.
Ë Design review of Florida Department of Professionals
Regulation BEST project for the licensing of professionals in the state. The
logical table design was implemented in physical tables in most cases with
denormalization where required. Emphasis was placed on index design for primary
keys, foreign keys, clustering, inserting of indexed values in sequence, skewed
distribution of data, and low cardinality columns to facilitate good
performance for transactions and batch programs. The batch oriented design of
an earlier version of the system was redesigned for online processing in many
cases. Mirror tables were recommended for four large categories of
professionals and one for 40 small categories to reduce the size of tables,
improve the manageability of the tables, and facilitate ad hoc processing.
Compression of data was recommended based upon the high occurrence of long
character strings that frequently were not used for a specific license and not
filled to the maximum length in most cases. Normalization of reference tables
was recommended with placement of the many tables in a single segmented
tablespace. Guidelines for development and testing of SQL with data extracted
from a large board was recommended. The initial design review was performed in
December 1991 and tuning of the design, transactions, and DB2 subsystem in
January of 1993.
Ë A design review of Groundwater/Local Revenue (GW) for
extrapolation to the Uniform State Tax System (USTS) system was conducted for
the Texas State Controllers Office. GW is a pilot application system using the
new tools of DB2, Natural/DB2, CASE tools, and methodologies. The purpose of
the design review was to evaluate the database design and application
development of GW for extrapolation to the planned USTS. USTS is a major
application system to be developed using the tools and methodologies if the GW
system is successful. A number of recommendations were made for refining the
design and methodology including the use of a process matrix, reference tables,
generated primary key, the size of transactions, and testing procedures in
August 1990.
Ë A design review of the implementation of the ADW
(Application Development Workbench) encyclopedia on DB2 was conducted at
KnowledgeWare with emphasis on improving performance. The objective was to
reduce I/O, getpages from the buffer pool, lock contention, excessive logging,
and improve overall performance of encyclopedia processing. (A consolidation of
a 1,900 page encyclopedia required 15 hours of elapsed time.) The poor
performance was due to a large extent to record at a time processing, embedded
dynamic SQL, and use of DB2 tables with indexes as work data sets. It was
recommended that set processing with static SQL be used and that DB2 tables
with indexes not be used to insert and delete hundreds of thousands of rows as
work data sets.
Ë Physical design and process analysis of EAS (Earnings
Analysis System) at Hogan Systems Inc. EAS has the subsystems of Data
Preparation and Entry, Revenue and Expense Transfer, and Management Reporting.
The physical design and process analysis resulted in 35 tables, the largest
being the Ledger with 9 million rows kept for two years. February and March
1990.
Ë Consulting assignments at EDS (Electronic Data Systems,
Inc.) included review of the technical design phase of CPS (Card Processing
System). Worked with P2 subsystem team on taking a list of data elements
identified from screens, reports, and other sources and producing the logical
table design for acquirer, issuer, and client. Reviewed the interchange of
information between P2, P3, P4, and P6. Reviewed the logical design of account,
automatic activity, and cardholder. Reviewed the SLC (System Life Cycle) DB2
Guide. Suggested the use of the catalog tables to met some of the requirements
for a data dictionary and extending the catalog by creating tables to contain
information needed by the project which can be joined to the catalog tables.
Provided a DB2 installation plan for tailoring the DB2 install parameters for a
CPS test system; design review of OCP (Online Control Program). Reviewed DB2
Standards and Guidelines. Analyzed the use of SQL with the CASE product APS/OX
and S‑Cobol. These assignments were completed in February, April, June,
and August of 1989.
Ë Develop installation plan and install DB2 at AVIALL, A
Ryder System Company. Documented recommended tuning of DB2 before placing the
first application system in production. Developed the DBA Standards and
Procedures (80 pages) covering efficient and effective creation of databases,
tablespaces, indexes, and views, naming standards, loading/reloading data,
scheduling of runstats and rebinds, procedures for reorganization,
expanding/contracting space, application data backup and recovery, and
programming for performance guidelines. Normalized data based upon business
requirements specified in JAD (Joint Application Design) document. Did the
physical database design and creation of objects for the Vendor database
consisting of 19 major tables that ranged in size from 10,000 to 2.7 million
rows and associated indexes. Loaded data extracted from existing files.
Developed a prototype plan and worked with developers in accomplishing the
prototype. March through June 1988.
Ë Design review of the Inventory & Commitment Control
system which was not performing to expectations at Lomas & Nettleton. It
was discovered that not only did the application need tuning but also the
installation of DB2. Strongly recommended the use of clustering indexes on all
tables where none were being used due to a misunderstanding of how clustering
indexes are used and maintained. Recommended procedural changes that eased the
ongoing maintenance of the system. Suggested using a statistical history table
to determine the appropriate scheduling of reorganizations, runstats, and
rebinds in the production environment to avoid using unnecessary resources.
Recommended early EXPLAINs and analysis of paths chosen by the optimizer to
facilitate application monitoring and tuning early in the life cycle of the
project. Suggested checking of data across three systems which have a number of
data elements in common but are maintained by different business professionals.
Reviewed DB2 system parameters with systems programmers and made
recommendations for improved performance. Accomplished the tasks assigned and
went on to identify additional issues that needed to be addressed and made
recommendations within the original time frame without requiring an extension
to the contract. February 1988.
Brief Description of Additional Consultations
Ë Design review of current, history, and future date
sensitive reference tables for J. P. Morgan, December 1989
Ë Review data modeling methodology using the relational model
for Exxon, July 1988.
Ë Participate in design review at the Dallas System Center
for Creastar Bank, January 1988.
Ë Design review of Global Exposure Management System for
Morgan Guarantee Trust Co., November 1987.
Ë Design review of Financial Control System for Morgan
Guarantee Trust Co., September 1987.
Ë Evaluate DATACOM/DB for relational completeness and plan
for fuller support of the relational model for the vendor ADR, July 1987.
Ë Design review of Accounts Payable System for Bristol‑Myers,
May 1987.
Ë Review of White Paper on RDBMS Strategy for AT&T, May
1987.
Ë Design review of Marketing system and Profits system at
Citibank Corp., March 1987.
Ë Performance enhancements to Customer Billing system for
Teleconnect Corp. Reduced a batch billing operation from 30 hours to 3.6 hours
to bill 1.3 million line items out of 9 million line items on 34,000 customers
out of 500,000 customers, December 1986.
Ë Performance enhancements to International Pricing System for
First Boston Corp. Reduced a 3 hour report to 45 minutes, July 1986.
Ë Design review of data dictionary extensions to the DB2
catalog tables for data modeling, organizational responsibility for data, and operational
job structures for Depository Trust Corp, first half of 1986.
Ë Evaluation of ZFOUR (DBMS for UNIX and MS/DOS) to determine
its adherence to the relational model for the vendor Business Computer
Solutions, Inc., April 1986.
Ë Determine alternatives for representing hierarchical data
such as bill of materials for Morgan Guarantee Trust Co, November 1986.
Ë Determine data administration needs for Apple Computer,
Inc., April 1986.
Ë Developed "DB2 Design Review for Performance"
document used in design reviews by Codd & Date, Inc.
Seminar and Courses
Ë The following seminars and courses with and without
workshops consisting of over 1,700 page of material were developed and given to
over 14,000 professionals in 27 countries on 6 continents from 1984 to the
present.
< DB2: Advanced Development for
Performance
< DB2/SQL Application Programming
< DB2 Database Administration for
Performance
< DB2: Design and Development for
Performance
Ë Developed and gave a one day educational seminar on Advanced
SQL Coding at IDUG in 1994, 1995, and 1996.
User Groups, IDUG, and Guide Participation
Ë President of DB2 Forum, the Southwest users group with a
membership of over 150, 1988 to present.
Ë Presentations given at about 20 local user groups in the U.S.
and Australia.
Ë Keynote presentation given at IDUG in 1992.
Ë Presentations given at IDUG in 1993 to present.
Ë Educational seminars given at IDUG in 1994 to present.
Ë Member of Guide task force on DB2 Standards for Performance
1988.
Ë Initiated and member of Guide task force on Fooling the
Optimizer 1988‑1989.
Ë Guide task force leader on Designing for DB2 Performance
1986‑1987.
Editorial Review Boards
Member of Editorial Review Board of the Journal of Database
Management, January 1992 to present.
Member of Editorial Review Board of the DB2 Journal, January
1992 - 1994.
Member of Editorial Review Board of the Journal of Database
Administration, January 1990-1992.
Member of Editorial Advisory Board of The Relational Journal
for DB2 Users, 1989-1992.
Spring 1980 ‑ Spring 1988
Instructor at the University of Texas at Dallas for a
graduate course in data base management systems.
August 1983 ‑ January 1986
Senior Relational Technology Specialist at Texas Instruments,
Inc. in Dallas, Texas. Experience includes:
1) Provide DBA and technical support on DB2 and SQL/DS
including logical and physical design, design reviews, performance monitoring
and tuning, and technical support for application development.
2) Applications developed in whole or in a consulting role
are Semiconductor Factory Operations Control, Equipment Engineering System,
Corporate Electronic Audit System, SC Document DB, PAC Bill of Materials,
Distributed Equipment Tracking System, Engineering DB, Manufacturing Test Data
Analysis, Information Engineering Facility Encyclopedia, Sales and Forecasting,
Profit in Inventory Prototype, DL/1 Workbench, Purchasing Reporting, and
Sales/Billings Summary.
3) Function analysis and benchmark of relational DBMS in
Miho Japan.
4) Developed two day seminar on Designing and Programming
for DB2 Performance given internally and externally to Texas Instruments
through the Codd and Date Relational Institute.
5) Developed the methods and procedures for using DB2 in
ISPF/CLIST prototyping.
6) Evaluated and benchmarked DB2, SQL/DS, ORACLE, MODEL 204,
and ADABAS.
7) Evaluated INGRES, ORACLE, INFORMIX‑SQL, and
MISTRESS for use on PC and UNIX based systems.
8) Evaluated relational products of RDT (Relational Design
Tool), DBEDIT, and DD‑DB2.
9) Chair DB2 and SQL/DS users group.
June 1981 ‑ August 1983
DBMS Manager at Sun Exploration and Production Co. in
Dallas, Texas. Experience includes:
1) Introduced relational technology at Sun. Justified the
lease of SQL/DS and installed the DBMS. Developed the first application and
planned for the use of DB2 when generally available.
2) Designed and developed the Division Order System.
3) Provided DBMS support on Land and Unitization, Gas
Contracts Information, and Gas Budget System.
4) Consultant on the Texas Credit Card and Dwight Energy
Data systems with respect to relational DBMS.
5) Consultant on Texas Oil & Gas Districts and Division
Order systems on evaluating ADF as the DBMS tool to be used on the systems.
6) Developed data dictionary functional specifications after
developing a pilot data dictionary using DATAMANAGER.
7) Team member on an eight person Business System Planning
project which produced a five year application plan for Sun Production Company.
8) DBMS contributor to the five year strategic hardware and
software plan for Sun Company, Inc.
9) Developed and taught multiple day seminars on SQL/DS,
DATAMANAGER, ADABAS, BSP, and Data Base Concepts.
November 1980 ‑ May 1981
Project Manager ($136K '81 budget with four
programmer/analyst) at Texas Instruments, Inc. in Dallas, Texas. Experience
includes:
1) Additional development and enhancements on the design
documentation system.
2) Design and develop print order entry and order
distribution sub‑system.
3) Extend design documentation programs to handle multiple
drawing control sites.
4) Conversion of drafting tracking log‑book tapes to IMS
DB and back to tapes for continued reporting.
While earning masters degree (1975 - 1979):
1) Served on the National Computer Conference '77 Steering
Committee as Publications Chairman.
2) Published articles in Datamation and Data Management as
well as a chapter in the book Advances in Data Base Management.
3) Gave presentations on data base and data communications
at local DPMA and ACM chapters.
4) During this time, a primary responsibility was
"programming" the most superior computer. My daughter has excelled in
non‑artificial intelligence and information processing.
1971 ‑ 1974
Manager of Data Communications Planning and Development at
Jewel Companies Inc. in Chicago, Illinois.
1) Responsibility for implementing Jewel Corporate's decision
to distribute processing to the 13 operating companies.
2) Evaluated and established standards in data
communications hardware (terminals, modems, communications processors, and
channels), software (data communications monitor and time sharing), and data
communications system analysis and design.
3) Project leader with five programmer/analysts on online
systems of Mass Feeding Co., school billing system, mini bill of materials
system, corporate real estate affiliate general ledger system.
4) Enhanced FORTRAN in alphanumeric handling for TSO
applications (provided capabilities similar to what was made available in
FORTRAN 77).
5) In 1973, moved from Chicago to State College, Pa. and continued
with Jewel on a project basis; completed the evaluation of communication
processors as well as designed, programmed, and installed a budget extension
and market flight group system on TSO.
Summary of major software used includes DB2, QMF, SQL/DS, ORACLE, MODEL 204, ADABAS, IMS/DB, ADF, DATAMANAGER, GDDM/ICU, ISPF, TSO, COBOL, FORTRAN, PL/1, & ALC ON MVS/XA, VM/CMS, OS/2, and PC/DOS.
Summary of major hardware used includes IBM 9000/X, 3090/X,
308X, 4341, 370, 360, notebooks, PS/2, and PC/AT.
Publications
1.
Wiorkowski,
Gabrielle. DB2 for OS/390 Development for Performance book (1035 pages) ISBN 0-9668460-0-X,
second edition in 2000. Available from your local book store, http://www.amazon.com,
http://www.barnesandnoble, http://www.borders.com,
and http://www.gabrielleDB2.com (2 day shipping).
2.
Wiorkowski,
Gabrielle and Kull, David. DB2: Design and Development Guide book published by
Addison‑Wesley in 1988, second edition in 1990, and third edition in
1992.
3.
Wiorkowski,
Gabrielle. DB2 Row Locking in Version 4, August 1997.
4.
Wiorkowski,
Gabrielle. Pros and Cons of UR and RS. Enterprise Systems Journal, July 1997.
5.
Wiorkowski,
Gabrielle and Kneiling, John. Validating Data with DB2 in V4.1 for MVS.
Database Programming & Design, March 1996.
6.
Wiorkowski,
Gabrielle. DB2 Version 4 Type 2 Indexes. IDUG Solutions Journal, Fall 1995.
7.
Wiorkowski,
Gabrielle. Misconceptions about DB2. (Cover article) Relational Database
Journal, November-January 1994.
8.
Wiorkowski,
Gabrielle. More DB2 Misconceptions, Part 2. Relational Database Journal,
March-April 1994.
9.
Wiorkowski,
Gabrielle. DB2 Misconceptions, Part 3. Relational Database Journal, May-June
1994.
10.
Wiorkowski,
Gabrielle. Interview with DB2 Today. DB2 Today, June 1994.
11. Wiorkowski, Gabrielle. Inner
Workings of the DB2 Optimizer. DB2 Systems Journal, August 1992.
12.
Wiorkowski,
Gabrielle. Explaining the Access Path Chosen by the DB2 Optimizer. DB2 Systems
Journal, May 1992.
13.
Wiorkowski,
Gabrielle. Join Methods and Index Usage in DB2. InfoDB, Fall 1991.
14.
Wiorkowski,
Gabrielle. Challenges of a Skewed Distribution of Data. The Relational Journal
for DB2 Users, October-November 1991.
15.
Wiorkowski,
Gabrielle and Kull, David. Predicate Order's Role in Performance. The
Relational Journal for DB2 Users, October 1989.
16.
Wiorkowski,
Gabrielle. The Subtle Trouble with Subselects ‑ and Suggestion for How to
Avoid It. The Relational Journal for DB2 Users, Premier Issue, August 1989.
17.
Wiorkowski,
Gabrielle and Wiorkowski, John. Fooling the DB2 Optimizer. InfoDB, Winter
1988/89.
18.
Wiorkowski,
Gabrielle and Kull, David. DB2 V2.2: A Distributed Strategy. Database
Programming and Design, April 1989.
19.
Wiorkowski,
Gabrielle and Kull, David. The Optimizer. Database Programming and Design,
September 1988.
20.
Wiorkowski,
Gabrielle. Indexing for DB2 Performance Part 2. InfoDB, Summer 1987.
21.
Wiorkowski,
Gabrielle. Indexing for DB2 Performance. InfoDB, Spring 1987.
22.
Wiorkowski,
Gabrielle. Relational Data Base Technology. Cover/feature article. TI Engineering
Journal, July‑August 1985.
23.
Wiorkowski,
Gabrielle. Hallmark of Relational DBMS. Computers Today, McGraw‑Hill
1985.
24.
Wiorkowski,
Gabrielle. The Use of Relational DBMS for Prototyping. Computerworld, October
31, l983.
25.
Wiorkowski,
Gabrielle. Relational DBMS Meets the Real World. Data Management, September
1983.
26.
Wiorkowski,
Gabrielle. Is 'Relational' Just a New Buzzword? Computerworld, April 4, 1983.
27.
Wiorkowski,
Gabrielle and Wiorkowski, John J. Evaluating the Benefits of Data Base
Management, Chapter in the book Advances in Data Base Management. Heyden &
Son Inc. Phil., Pa., 1980.
28.
Wiorkowski,
Gabrielle and Wiorkowski, John J. DB Users Say Get on 'Bandwagon' But Take a
Lot of Money. Data Management, December 1979.
29.
Wiorkowski,
Gabrielle and Wiorkowski, John J. Does a Data Base Management System Pay off:
Datamation, April 1979. (Also published in U.S.S.R.).
30.
Wiorkowski,
Gabrielle and Wiorkowski, John J. A Cost Allocation Model. Datamation, August
1973.
Presentations Given:
Row Locking, LOCKMAX, UR, and RS in
Dallas, June 1996 and several DB2 users groups in the U.S. and Australia, 1996.
Type 2 Indexes in DB2 V4 at IDUG in
Orlando, June 1995 and several DB2 user groups in the U.S. and Australia, 1995.
Misconceptions about DB2 at IDUG in
San Diego, May 1994 and several DB2 user groups in the U.S., 1994.
Index Design and the Optimizer at
IDUG in Dallas, May 1993 and several DB2 user groups in the U.S., 1992-1993.
Index Design, Join, and Subselect
Performance, Keynote presentation at IDUG in New York, May 1992 and several DB2
user groups in the U.S., 1991-1993.
Indexing for Performance at Guide
and several DB2 user groups in the U.S., 1989-1990.
DB2 Design Review for Performance in
Toronto, August 1987.
Performance and Concurrency in New
York, Anaheim, Boston, Philadelphia, and Dallas in 1987.
Getting the Most out of DB2 in
London, Frankfurt, and New York in 1986
Why DB2 in Toronto, Montreal, Ontario,
Bocca Rotan, and San Francisco in 1986
Experiences with DB2 & SQL/DS at
Texas Instruments, Inc. IBM "DB2 on the Road" in six European cities.
October 1985. Codd Seminar in Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo Brazil, June 1985
and in Caracas and Mexico City, August 1985.
Function Analysis & Benchmark of
Relational DBMS at Guide in July 1985.
DB2 and SQL/DS Overview at ASM, June
12, 1984.
Relational Data Base Systems at ACM
SIGAPL, February 4, 1982.
A Survey of DBMS Users on the Advantages
and Disadvantages of DBMS. DPMA Dallas/Ft. Worth Chapter, November 10, 1977.
An Updating Summary on Data
Communications Lines, ACM Dallas Chapter, March 15, 1977.
A Cost Allocation Model. Distributed
Computer Power, AMA Chicago, March 1973.
Teleprocessing Considerations. Data
Center Operations Management, AMA Chicago, September 1972.
Memberships
Who's Who in the World, 1992 to
present.
Who's Who in the South and Southwest
from 1979 to present.
Who's Who among Students in American
Universities and Colleges 1970‑71.
Pi Gamma Mu, National Scholastic
Honor Society.
Delta Epsilon Sigma, National Scholastic Honor Society.
Association for Computing Machinery.